863 Comments

  1. Thanks for a VERY useful site, Carlton, which I have used several times since HD TV sets came out some years back. Just replaced a 5 year old 50″ plasma set (that developed a horizontal line) with another 51″ plasma set, 720p, ($399), same brand (it was easy to put all the connections in the same places and not have to use a different remote). Our eyes are 9 to10 feet from the screen, and according to your excellent charts and calculator, we would not be able to see any difference between this set and a 1080p set costing several hundred dollars more! Thanks for helping me keep money in my pocket, and keep up the good work!

    1. Author

      Thanks Bill for the kind words – enjoy your new TV! I love the image quality Plasma produces due to the extremely low black levels.

      1. I, too, love the image quality of “deep” black levels of plasma sets. I also enjoy the fast refresh rates (much less fast action “smudging” than LCD’s or LED’s, to my eyes) and the wide viewing angles of plasma sets. It seems to me that 50″ plasma sets, for the buyer, are the financial “sweet spot” in HDTV sets at the present time; I’m sorry they’re going away.

        1. I will give the edge to Plasma on response and viewing angle and even price. But each of those advantages is small and rapidly diminishing.

          In fact, the cost advantage is due primarily to a fire sale, lately. Higher cost for both tooling and building. Manufacturers are trying to milk out the last potential for recovery of their expenses.

          In the past two years, LED TVs (especially LG and Visio in my opinion), have nailed rich blacks with terrific “selective dimming” capability. The result is stunning. I would have thought that it might cut the shadow detail to achieve improved contrast, but if this is the case, I certainly cannot detect the loss.

          Now, consider the disadvantages:
          a) 5~7 year operational life compared to 25 years or more
          b) Consumes more power
          c) Start up delay (not sure… please comment)
          d) Much bulkier unit than newer LEDs

          1. Author

            OLED has all of the advantages of Plasma and of LCD and none of the disadvantages. Once manufacturing scales up, LCD will feel the same downward pressure Plasma feels today.

          2. Yea right dude.. I had a plasma TV for years and ended up giving it away.. Recently bought a led…horrible motion blur.. So bad it hurt my eyes i dont know who in there right mind would want an led over plasma..in the case of motion blur and smooth image, plasma simply cannot be matched the way the plasma screen produces the image that enables it to refresh the image so much faster than a led

          3. I have a Panasonic 42″ 480p plasma that is now 15 years old, and still looks superb. It’s been retired to my office on broadcast digital TV/DVD duty, and been replaced in the living room with a Panasonic ZT 60″. When I had the ZT ISF calibrated by the same guy who did my 42″ years ago, he said it had barely changed in all that time when he measured it for a calibration top-up.

      2. Would it be possible to update the calculator to input different visual acuity than the “normal” 20/20. While there is a lot of people with worse vision, most people can actually see better than 20/20

        1. What’s germane to the topic is the resolution of the eye, not the focus. Our eye simply does not have the “resolution receptors” to detect the amount of lines that are present in the higher resolution displays at a specific distance.

        2. If 20/20 vision refers to what an average adult can see, how is it that most people have better than average vision?

          1. Without getting too far away from the subject of this being an awesome site, Ben G is right that normally sighted people have slightly better than 20/20. (read SLIGHTLY). But really, this is a linear ratio, so anyone who wants to use the above chart with their visual acuity, just do the following.

            Better than average (20/15): viewing distance * 20 / 15 = your number

            worse than average (20/40): viewing distance * 20 / 40 = your number.

          2. Author

            Brennan, my home theater calculator spreadsheet provides a cell where the viewers vision can be adjust to be better/worse than 20/20. It’s the same math you’re showing.

      3. the calculator is broken doesnt work !?
        please fix it , if possiple. I tried using on my pc with chrome and firefox + my mobile.
        the calculator used to be working till recently I noticed it stopped

  2. Hi Carlton

    I am thinking of building out a piece of my basement to create a small home theater. (8’Wx13’Lx7’2″H Looking to get two sets of two seats and a sound system and maybe a 4K Tv. Any ideas on brands and specific products that could fit this small space yet give me a quality experience and keep the wife happy as well.

    Thanks
    Mike D.

  3. I’m confused. When I tried your calculator, for a 24″ 720p tv, it says I must sit 5 feet or CLOSER for full benefit. I thought the closer you sit to a lower resolution screen the less sharp the picture is compared to a 1080p? Thus it would seem that sitting 5 feet or FARTHER would make the differences between 720p and 1080p less apparent.
    ???

    1. I see where you are confused… The closer you sit to any raster or dot matrix image, the more you are likely to discern the individual pixels. But, I wouldn’t characterize this as “less sharp”. The sharpness doesn’t change with viewing distance…

      But, for any image dpi, there is a distance past which your eyes cannot see the benefit of HIGHER dpi (or more lines of a fixed width screen). This is just a matter of anatomy. Your retina (or eye-brain apparatus) has a maximum resolution. Carlton’s calculator helps you to find that benefit cliff. Past that distance, spending money on resolution is wasted, because you cannot enjoy the extra pixels—UNLESS you plan to occasionally use the projector or screen at other sizes or distances. In that case, the extra resolution can’t hurt.

  4. Hu … At 3 meters I need to have a 164″ screen in order to have benefit with a 4k screen ??

  5. I have a question: how bad will a 576p signal (europe) look in 50″ fullhd tv at 8/10ft from the set? Or is it wise to choose a 42″ set instead?

    1. Author

      You’ll get more benefit from the larger screen and won’t notice an appreciable difference in resolution deficiency.

  6. Hi, can you include the numbers for 1440p. Thanks for the article, its very helpful.

  7. Thanks for this article. when I try to enter the size of the screen and click calculate, nothing happens. I have tried with Chrome and IE. Thank you.

  8. hi, nice article, Btw I have problems with computing the distance it does nothing when I press the Calculator button..

  9. Author

    The distance calculator form is now working again. Some of the code was deleted by a website update and I was finally able to track it down. Sorry for the inconvenience.

  10. Hi, great site! Can I use my Dell XPS touchscreen computer to play my ps4 through? On the HP there is a button to switch to the HDMI input. I can’t find how to open and play my ps4 on my Dell.

    1. Your connection on the Dell is for output to another monitor. There are hdmi inputs, but few and far between. Normally a hdmi input is used for video editing on a desktop.

  11. Since a lot of people, specially gamers, are looking into 4K monitors nowadays, they don’t realize that they won’t actually benefit from that high resolution with a 27″ display. Id say 27″ monitor is best with 1440p if you are sitting 3-4′ away. If you really want 4K, then make sure you either buy a 40″ screen or stay heck close to it! Won’t people learn at last? It’s like a “need” for more without realizing you are throwing money at some crap.

    1. Author

      I agree that 4k is focused more on selling higher specs than on providing true user benefit. Computer monitors are the best use case, but unfortunately many graphics cards can’t produce reasonable frame rates at such high resolutions.

    2. (I realize it’s an old thread, so the direct second person address is rhetorical – I don’t expect an answer.) You’re sitting 3′-4′ away from your monitor? Does “gamers” refer specifically to console gamers, who are likelier to be playing on a TV as opposed to seated at a desk? If so, anything above 1080 is wasted, since consoles for at least the next generation or two (even now, in 2017) won’t be able to handle above 1080p rendering while staying withing their target price points. If you’re talking about PC gaming, the PC gamers I know usually have setups sitting 1′-2′ from the monitor, and 2′ is the maximum distance suggested to see the full benefit of 2160p on a 27″ screen, which does allow for real benefit from 2160p. I’m not questioning the reasonableness of your preference – whatever works for you is great, and I (with a 27″ monitor about 2′ away from me) similarly decided that any possible benefit from 2160p over 1440p was not nearly worth the money, especially given the lack of content (GPU rendering limits, at least without sinking several thousand dollars into hardware, and still few 4K TV/movie offerings plus ISP bandwidth/data caps limiting utility and financial viability of streaming higher-resolution content). But based on what’s presented here, there is actual benefit to be had for a lot of PC gamers playing games at a desk to going up to 2160p, if they have the cash and inclination.

  12. DEAR
    PLEASE I NEED MANUAL OF TV HDTV 1080/720 – ON FRAME HAVE NAME DOMO – SOYEA, AND I LOST REMOTE CONTROL, I WANT TO BUY.
    THANK YOU.

  13. Hi, Carlton,
    Thanks for the post, it is really helpful.
    I have a question regarding choosing a projector. The resolution of my film is 720p (1280×720) and I would like to screen it in its best quality.
    There are two projectors I can choose:
    one is 1280×800, 4000 lumens
    another is1920x1200, 4200 lumens

    If money is not an issue, which one will give better image quality for my 1280×720 film?

    Thanks a lot
    D

    1. Author

      For all practical purposes, there is no difference between the two for 720p content. You are fine with either.

  14. Do you have any reviews or info on which Manufactures make the BEST “Smart” TVs, including Picture Quality and Less Complications using {if this rating exists}?Lol! Sorry, when it comes to “Computer Technology”, I am not very literate. I would appreciate any info you can provide would be very useful when I go shopping next week! Thank-you, Kelly

  15. Hi Carlton. Thanks for this article. It is the most informative / detailed I’ve seen yet on this topic. I plan on having roughly a 100 inch(diagonal) 16:9 screen and sitting roughly 10 feet from the screen. Do you feel I would I notice the difference between 1080 and 720 based on those parameters? Thanks!

  16. Hi Carlton, i have a 51 inch 720p plasma, how far of a distance do i have to sit, to not notice a difference in 1080p?

      1. What about 1080i compared to 720p, is there a big difference? Or is it just about the same as 1080p? Because most if all tv stations broadcast 1080i signals, so the only true 1080p picture would be blu ray, so my question is, would there be any big difference between 1080i and 720p? If so would the distance still be 10 feet?

        1. Absolutely NO.

          1080i vs 1080P is also something your eye cannot see the difference in either.

          1080i the even lines are drawn, then the odd ones @ 120Hz, 1080p the entire screen is drawn one frame at a time @ 120 Hz. In fact most players slow the draw cycle down to only 24Hz, ever see this; 1080P 24 . That’s to deliberately done to give the movie theater affect BEFORE digital projectors when film was used. Your human eyeball can only really see or process just about 22 Hz any way.

          Don’t succumb to the hype of 4K or 240 Hz! 4K will never be used by broadcast TV. There simply is not enough bandwidth to provide the signal, yet. 1080 5.1 needs 6Mb/s download, 4k, needs 24 Mb/s. Guess what also, 4K is only at 30 Hz also!

          The ONLY place 4K is good for is computer monitors. 1, it’s the only environment where your eye balls are close enough to see the resolution. 2. A direct connection to the data stream is only possible on a computer, for now.

          Plug a laptop into a TV. Turn everything on at set resolution to 1080. Now bring up any Web page. Finally go sit where you normally sit to watch TV. CAN you read anything on the page? 99% of the time absolutely not at all.

          1. While I respect Jason Carmichael’s opinion, I respectfully disagree — strongly.

            Two years ago, I wrote an article, “Is 4K TV Relevant?”
            http://awildduck.com/?p=2755
            Just as with this page by Carlton Bale, it was among the most popular in my own Blog.

            I questioned the need for 4K for the same reasons that Carlton discusses: Resolution -vs- distance compared to ocular physiology. My original conclusion was that at a normal TV viewing distance, 4K would not be perceived, nor would it increase enjoyment. I recommended putting the money and effort into a better sound system, better black levels, or redecorating the room to be a theater-style shadow box.

            If you scroll through the comments to my article, you will see that I have completely retracted that opinion. 4K is very relevant and the benefits are worthwhile.

            The assumptions that Carlton and I made concerning physiology were based on the packing density of rods in a human retina—and perhaps field tests of visual discrimination. But this fails to account for our ability to discriminate acutance, which is caused by lightwave diffraction and interference. Your brain can perceive acutance far beyond the grid resolution of a subtended angle.

            Whether it is because of our enhanced ability to discriminate acutance or perhaps an effect of combined motion, color & resolution, I am now certain that 4K enhances television experience over 1080p—even at a distance. And it is more than just a marginal gain.

            I also refute Jason’s analysis of progressive -vs- interlaced and his statements about 24fps -vs- scan rates of 60, 120 or 240. Although the interaction of frame rate and scan rate must be considered when transcoding or viewing media, these are *NOT* the same or even comparable things. A TV scan rate or motion index of 240 provides a very tangible benefit for sports and fast moving scenes, especially if the original event was shot direct to video with the same parameters. The issue is not whether the eye can sense jitter at a fast rate, but whether the recorded image is a collection of still frames or it actually tracked a moving ball’s motion by painting its true position in real time.

            And incidentally, most individuals can see an annoying flicker at any frame rate less than 120 Hz. For this reason, fluorescent light ballasts use full wave rectifiers (if the voltage converter does not chop at high speed for reasons of trasnsforner efficiency). For this same reason, 60Hz TVs are built with long-glowing phosphors.

            And even with long-glow phosphor, these TVS may fool the eye into thinking that the picture is retained, but they still leave the brain unsatisfied, because the motion is stuttered. Of course, this is not typically a problem, because (as Jason points out) the original media is at 24 or 32 fps.

          2. No, 4K with a 4K BD (Due out this year) will be very visible on these TVs and it doesn’t require a 24 Meg feed to view 4K video. Sorry but, even 1080P can be streamed at a decent quality with a 3 Meg stream and 4K can be achieved with about an 8 to 10 Meg stream.

            Now as for the claims about 120 – 600 Hz, those pushing these points are basically ignoring the fact that much of the data is being generated on the fly with filler frames and thus, it isn’t real regardless of how sharp it appears. Yes it is great to see sharp edges to your on screen objects but, it isn’t 100% natural.

  17. Why didn’t you cover the extinction point where details become muddled. Truth is, your numbers are ambiguous.

    Yes your starting numbers are correct but, reality is that any screen between 50″ and 70″ and you won’t be able to discern the individual pixels if you’re sitting 9′ to 10′ from the screen so your max numbers are irrelevant for the most part.

  18. As far as I am concerned movie or TV show enjoyment depends on the following in this order, content, sound and then visuals. Lets face it, these days media offerings suck. I don’t care how big your video is, how deep your resolution or how many sound channels you have, a movie or TV show that sucks will still suck. It has been proven that better sound is more important to how much you enjoy a program than video. So I’d rather spend money on properly decoded 7.1 than a bigger screen.

    1. Ditto! My first “system” consisted of a 13″ TV and a simple Sony str-915 5.1 surround. 2 enormous sansui speakers and 3 little center and surrounds. It was awesome.

    2. Referring to John Casey’s comment, all of these things (content, video quality, sound quality) are personal and subjective. As qualitative components of “enjoyment”, it is unlikely that one could demonstrate the claim “It has been proven that better sound is more important than video.”

      1. The comment about content quality is a red herring. If each individual visiting this page didn’t have at least some content that he/she found enjoyable, they wouldn’t be here and they wouldn’t have built a home theater. No one says that the content has to be from Hollywood or of this century. C’mon! Surely, you acknowledge that there are some films or documentaries worth watching or sharing with friends!

      2. Sound is certainly important to the theater experience. In fact, I tend to place it higher than moving beyond HD resolution. But to say that it is “more important” than video is somewhat meaningless. Is it more important, even if the choice is between upgrading already decent sound (but lacking a 2nd sub-woofer) -vs- upgrading a 180p video monitor at 15 fps?

      3. In the past few months, I revisited and retracted my own post, which asserts no need for 4K: Is 4K HDTV relevant? http://awildduck.com/?p=2755 (that change of opinion is was acknowledged here at carltonbale.com and is also one of the more recent comments to my own article).

      Although, I dispute that one can rank video, audio and content relative to each other, I believe that two factors are often overlooked and for many viewers can lead to a greatly improved experience: (a) Thundering bass, (b) Extreme blacks with super-wide dynamic range. For projection theater (as opposed to an active screen, such as LED or plasma), attaining (b) requires a screen with some gain (to avoid scattering) and a blackout box. This means painting the front 1/2 of your room a very flat black on all 4 surfaces. Without a black box, the contrast and dynamic range will be shot, because unlike a television screen, a projection screen is white.

  19. I have a small media room 4m x 3.5 m. I want to put projector as it will not be used very often. I will be only watching Movie and Sports.

    Is it possible to have Projector in such room? If yes, what would be the better option in choosing Projector, Screen resolution, and sound system. Thank you in advance.

  20. Your chart is telling me , if I am reading it correctly , that the more pixels I get the closer I need to be to the TV ?

    1. Hello Corinne,

      I don’t speak for Carlton, but I feel that you are inferring something that is technically correct, yet in the real world, you are holding the wrong variable as dependent. It’s a but like mixing up cause and effect…

      Yes: If you have two screens of the same size, and if one has a much higher pixel density, then would need to stand much closer to resolve those finer pixels.

      But this misses the point! Carlton’s charts help you to figure out the screen size or distance at which the higher number of pixels make a meaningful contribution to your enjoyment. For example, they answer these questions:

      1. I have a projector and screen that is HD (1920×1080) and 105″ (diagonal). I like to sit at the far end of the room which is 20 feet from the screen. My projector has lots of life remaining and it yields great focus, fast motion and deep blacks. Does it make sense for me to upgrade to a 4K projector?

      2. I have a 4K projector and a 120″ screen (16×9 measured diaganol). How close must I sit to experience the benenfit of 4K over HD?

      Good follow up questions to #2 would be: From the recommended max distance can I take in the entire screen with both eyes and without turning my head?

      You can see that Carlton’s answers to these sample questions don’t demand that you sit closer to a screen with lots of pixels. They simply put boundaries on the benefits derived. In my opinion, they might lead more people to a larger viewing screen rather than a closer seating arrangement.

      Ellery Davies
      Boston

  21. I’ve heard that the inner parts to a Samsung 60″ is actually furnished by Sharp, is this true?

  22. Hey. The Game Worldcraft keep crashing it’s view distance on my cellphone. Can you please help me? View distance is from 6. But here is the error message
    LOW VIEW DISTANCE
    View Distance Decreased From 6 To 5
    Ok Change
    When I Open The Game. The Message Shows. Not Every. Sometimes

    1. Yeah sure mr troll just set your view distances with a trusty potato cam and view your screen through a bifocal lens dead centered on the blurry pixels screen. You need about 12 feet of running distance that should solve your problem!!!!!!!

  23. This article puts the human eye resolution at around 0.3arc-min per pixel (or 200pixels per degree). If that’s the case then, in theory, the viewing distances could be over 3x what you’re quoting with the 60pix/degree calculations.

    Where did you get the 60 pixels per degree?

  24. Ah… I found where you got the 60 pixels per degree from; you believed the Jobs/Apple hype for the Retina displays.

    You should change your charts to the more industry accepted limit of human vision of between 0.3 to 0.4 ArcMin per pixel or 150 to 200 pixels per degree.

    This would make a huge difference on what people could perceive where a 1080p 50″ display could now be noticeable out to 20 feet rather than the 7 feet you’re stating now.

  25. This is really useful information.
    So does this mean it does not make any sense at all to by a 43″ UHD TV? I have viewing distance of about 10 ft.
    I currently have a 43″ Full HD TV. Will I see any difference at all with at all with 43″ UHD TV from 10 ft?

    1. Author

      Correct. There is no reason for a 43 inch 4k TV at that viewing distance.

      I recommend looking for a TV with HDR. HDR will give a noticeable improvement in picture quality, regardless of resolution or viewing distance. HDR provides benefit.

    2. I disagree, as I said in my comment above, the 60pixels per degree here is not the industry standard on human eye perception which is widely accepted as 0.3 to 0.4 arc min for good eyesight. This would mean you could see all the available detail at around 9ft from your 43” screen – not too far from your 10ft I would still expect you to be able to tell the difference – if you have good eyesight.
      The best way to determine if it would make a difference for your eyes – go check it out in a store. Walk back from a side by side 1080p and 4k screen and see where the difference becomes negligible. Then scale that difference based on your screen size (i.e. if your screen 40 inches and the store screens were 60 inches then reduce the distance you got in the store by 40/60 or two thirds).

  26. Gread guide to the size and distance we should site from the TV. I really like the tool to calculate the recommended distance

  27. Hello Carlton,
    I came across your “awesome” 1080p Does Matter article above when investigating whether I should upgrade my current Panasonic TC-P50S2 50″ Plasma TV (1080p) that I bought about 11 years ago (and been very happy with it). I’ve only just realized recently that always watching from 10 feet away didn’t make use of the 1080p….and I recently started watching at about 6-7 feet (impractical to be closer).

    Well, due to my cable company not being able to handle live streaming of soccer games (from ParamountPlus) via analog cable directly from the wall into their proprietary cable box (they crash occasionally and have trouble buffering at times) a cable repair man came out, removed my TV connection to the wall cable, and replaced it with a 4K Xi6 stream player. He also replaced my non wi-fi computer internet modem to my 27″ iMac with a Technicolor CGM4141 wi-fi modem. Obviously he praised the 4K ability I now possess.

    Well, I could possibly upgrade to a 70″ TV, but would need to investigate TV brands, prices, etc. I noticed that I really enjoy changing the aspect ratio for soccer games, that have too wide of a playing field view, by specifically using ZOOM (4:3 -> 16:9) instead of my usual FULL (I rarely using H-fill, Just, or 4:3).
    1) I was wondering how the above graphs would specifically change based upon using ZOOM??? It might affect my buying decision. Could you redraw them for ZOOM?
    2) Digressing here due to my lack of knowledge, I assume having this wi-fi internet modem now I can easily save a lot of money by cancelling TV with the cable company and just getting Roku / Apple TV / Sling / fubo / youtube / etc very cheaply and very easily? And without requiring my cable company to change any settings on my wi-fi internet modem??
    3) Curious why I can turn OFF my wi-fi and still stream the soccer games….I noticed in my network preferences where there was a cable wi-fi network without any password. Does this mean that after I cancel TV from the cable company (probably returning the stream player…..I’m about to buy the wi-fi modem instead of renting it from the cable company) that I could theoretically just buy the same stream player on amazon, program it and get everything like now??

    thanx much for your assistance
    Mark

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